What Remains Open

The most difficult open question in the constitutional layer concerns what happens when a constitutional principle is violated by a major institution or community within the network — when the violation is significant enough to threaten the network's constitutional integrity but the violating actor is large enough that expulsion would severely damage the network. This is the 'too big to discipline' problem in constitutional governance, and it has no clean solution. The design can create disincentives strong enough to make violations rare. It cannot eliminate the possibility of violations by powerful actors, and it must be honest about that.